% LLNCS DOCUMENT CLASS -- version 2.5
% for LaTeX2e
%
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
\ProvidesClass{llncs}[1999/01/12 v2.5 ^^JLaTeX document class for
Lecture Notes in Computer Science]
% Options
\let\if@envcntreset\iffalse
\DeclareOption{envcountreset}{\let\if@envcntreset\iftrue}
\DeclareOption{citeauthoryear}{\let\citeauthoryear=Y}
\DeclareOption{oribibl}{\let\oribibl=Y}
\let\if@envcntsame\iffalse
\DeclareOption{envcountsame}{\let\if@envcntsame\iftrue}
\let\if@envcntsect\iffalse
\DeclareOption{envcountsect}{\let\if@envcntsect\iftrue}
\let\if@runhead\iffalse
\DeclareOption{runningheads}{\let\if@runhead\iftrue}
\let\if@openbib\iffalse
\DeclareOption{openbib}{\let\if@openbib\iftrue}

\DeclareOption*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}}

\ProcessOptions

\LoadClass[twoside]{article}
\RequirePackage{multicol} % needed for the list of participants, index

\setlength{\textwidth}{12.2cm} \setlength{\textheight}{19.3cm}

\renewcommand\small{%
\@setfontsize\small\@ixpt{11}%
\abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus4\p@
\abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus2\p@ \belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@
\@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@
\def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
\parsep 0\p@ \@plus1\p@ \@minus\p@
\topsep 8\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
\itemsep0\p@}%
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip }

\frenchspacing \widowpenalty=10000 \clubpenalty=10000

\setlength\oddsidemargin {63\p@} \setlength\evensidemargin {63\p@}
\setlength\marginparwidth {90\p@}

\setlength\headsep {16\p@}

\setlength\footnotesep{7.7\p@} \setlength\textfloatsep{8mm\@plus
2\p@ \@minus 4\p@} \setlength\intextsep {8mm\@plus 2\p@ \@minus
2\p@}

\setcounter{secnumdepth}{2}

\newcounter {chapter}
\renewcommand\thechapter {\@arabic\c@chapter}

\newif\if@mainmatter \@mainmattertrue
\newcommand\frontmatter{\cleardoublepage
\@mainmatterfalse\pagenumbering{Roman}}
\newcommand\mainmatter{\cleardoublepage
\@mainmattertrue\pagenumbering{arabic}}
\newcommand\backmatter{\if@openright\cleardoublepage\else\clearpage\fi
\@mainmatterfalse}

\renewcommand\part{\cleardoublepage
\thispagestyle{empty}%
\if@twocolumn \onecolumn \@tempswatrue \else \@tempswafalse \fi
\null\vfil \secdef\@part\@spart}

\def\@part[#1]#2{%
\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >-2\relax
\refstepcounter{part}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{part}{\thepart\hspace{1em}#1}%
\else
\addcontentsline{toc}{part}{#1}%
\fi
\markboth{}{}%
{\centering \interlinepenalty \@M \normalfont \ifnum
\c@secnumdepth >-2\relax \huge\bfseries \partname~\thepart
\par
\vskip 20\p@ \fi
\Huge \bfseries #2\par}%
\@endpart}
\def\@spart#1{%
{\centering \interlinepenalty \@M \normalfont
\Huge \bfseries #1\par}%
\@endpart}
\def\@endpart{\vfil\newpage
\if@twoside \null
\thispagestyle{empty}%
\newpage
\fi \if@tempswa \twocolumn \fi}

\newcommand\chapter{\clearpage
\thispagestyle{empty}%
\global\@topnum\z@ \@afterindentfalse \secdef\@chapter\@schapter}
\def\@chapter[#1]#2{\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
\if@mainmatter
\refstepcounter{chapter}%
\typeout{\@chapapp\space\thechapter.}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}%
{\protect\numberline{\thechapter}#1}%
\else
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}%
\fi \else
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}%
\fi
\chaptermark{#1}%
\addtocontents{lof}{\protect\addvspace{10\p@}}%
\addtocontents{lot}{\protect\addvspace{10\p@}}%
\if@twocolumn
\@topnewpage[\@makechapterhead{#2}]%
\else
\@makechapterhead{#2}%
\@afterheading \fi}
\def\@makechapterhead#1{%
% \vspace*{50\p@}%
{\centering \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne \if@mainmatter
\large\bfseries \@chapapp{} \thechapter
\par\nobreak
\vskip 20\p@ \fi \fi \interlinepenalty\@M \Large \bfseries
#1\par\nobreak \vskip 40\p@ }}
\def\@schapter#1{\if@twocolumn
\@topnewpage[\@makeschapterhead{#1}]%
\else
\@makeschapterhead{#1}%
\@afterheading \fi}
\def\@makeschapterhead#1{%
% \vspace*{50\p@}%
{\centering \normalfont \interlinepenalty\@M \Large \bfseries
#1\par\nobreak \vskip 40\p@ }}

\renewcommand\section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}%
{-18\p@ \@plus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
{12\p@ \@plus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@}%
{\normalfont\large\bfseries\boldmath \rightskip=\z@ \@plus
8em\pretolerance=10000 }}
\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
{-18\p@ \@plus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
{8\p@ \@plus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@}%
{\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries\boldmath \rightskip=\z@ \@plus
8em\pretolerance=10000 }}
\renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
{-18\p@ \@plus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
{-0.5em \@plus -0.22em \@minus -0.1em}%
{\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries\boldmath}}
\renewcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
{-12\p@ \@plus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
{-0.5em \@plus -0.22em \@minus -0.1em}%
{\normalfont\normalsize\itshape}}
\renewcommand\subparagraph[1]{\typeout{LLNCS warning: You should not use
\string\subparagraph\space with this class}\vskip0.5cm You should
not use \verb|\subparagraph| with this class.\vskip0.5cm}

\DeclareMathSymbol{\Gamma}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"00}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Delta}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"01}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Theta}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"02}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Lambda}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"03}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Xi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"04}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Pi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"05}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Sigma}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"06}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Upsilon}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"07}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Phi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"08}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Psi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"09}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\Omega}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"0A}

\let\footnotesize\small

\def\vec#1{\mathchoice{\mbox{\boldmath$\displaystyle#1$}}
{\mbox{\boldmath$\textstyle#1$}}
{\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptstyle#1$}}
{\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptscriptstyle#1$}}}

\def\squareforqed{\hbox{\rlap{$\sqcap$}$\sqcup$}}
\def\qed{\ifmmode\squareforqed\else{\unskip\nobreak\hfil
\penalty50\hskip1em\null\nobreak\hfil\squareforqed
\parfillskip=0pt\finalhyphendemerits=0\endgraf}\fi}

\def\getsto{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
\halign{\hfil $\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr\gets\cr\to\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr\gets
\cr\to\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr\gets
\cr\to\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
\gets\cr\to\cr}}}}}
\def\lid{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr
\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr
\noalign{\vskip1pt}=\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
<\cr \noalign{\vskip0.9pt}=\cr}}}}}
\def\gid{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr
\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr
\noalign{\vskip1pt}=\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
>\cr
\noalign{\vskip0.9pt}=\cr}}}}}
\def\grole{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
\halign{\hfil
$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip-1pt}<\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr
>\cr\noalign{\vskip-1pt}<\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
>\cr\noalign{\vskip-0.8pt}<\cr}}}
{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
>\cr\noalign{\vskip-0.3pt}<\cr}}}}}
\def\bbbr{{\rm I\!R}} %reelle Zahlen
\def\bbbm{{\rm I\!M}}
\def\bbbn{{\rm I\!N}} %natuerliche Zahlen
\def\bbbf{{\rm I\!F}}
\def\bbbh{{\rm I\!H}}
\def\bbbk{{\rm I\!K}}
\def\bbbp{{\rm I\!P}}
\def\bbbone{{\mathchoice {\rm 1\mskip-4mu l} {\rm 1\mskip-4mu l}
{\rm 1\mskip-4.5mu l} {\rm 1\mskip-5mu l}}}
\def\bbbc{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
\def\bbbq{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm
Q$}\hbox{\raise 0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule
height0.8\ht0\hss}\box0}} {\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm
Q$}\hbox{\raise 0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule
height0.8\ht0\hss}\box0}} {\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm
Q$}\hbox{\raise 0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule
height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}} {\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm
Q$}\hbox{\raise 0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule
height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
\def\bbbt{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm
T$}\hbox{\hbox to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
\def\bbbs{{\mathchoice
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule height0.5\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule height0.5\ht0\hss}\box0}}
{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\raise0.05\ht0\hbox
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{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\raise0.05\ht0\hbox
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\def\bbbz{{\mathchoice {\hbox{$\mathsf\textstyle Z\kern-0.4em Z$}}
{\hbox{$\mathsf\textstyle Z\kern-0.4em Z$}}
{\hbox{$\mathsf\scriptstyle Z\kern-0.3em Z$}}
{\hbox{$\mathsf\scriptscriptstyle Z\kern-0.2em Z$}}}}

\let\ts\,

\setlength\leftmargini {17\p@} \setlength\leftmargin
{\leftmargini} \setlength\leftmarginii {\leftmargini}
\setlength\leftmarginiii {\leftmargini} \setlength\leftmarginiv
{\leftmargini} \setlength \labelsep {.5em} \setlength
\labelwidth{\leftmargini} \addtolength\labelwidth{-\labelsep}

\def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini
\parsep 0\p@ \@plus1\p@ \@minus\p@
\topsep 8\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
\itemsep0\p@}
\let\@listi\@listI
\@listi
\def\@listii {\leftmargin\leftmarginii
\labelwidth\leftmarginii \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep \topsep
0\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@}
\def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii
\labelwidth\leftmarginiii \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep \topsep
0\p@ \@plus\p@\@minus\p@
\parsep \z@
\partopsep \p@ \@plus\z@ \@minus\p@}

\renewcommand\labelitemi{\normalfont\bfseries --}
\renewcommand\labelitemii{$\m@th\bullet$}

\setlength\arraycolsep{1.4\p@} \setlength\tabcolsep{1.4\p@}

\def\tableofcontents{\chapter*{\contentsname\@mkboth{{\contentsname}}%
{{\contentsname}}}
\def\authcount##1{\setcounter{auco}{##1}\setcounter{@auth}{1}}
\def\lastand{\ifnum\value{auco}=2\relax
\unskip{} \andname\ \else \unskip \lastandname\
\fi}%
\def\and{\stepcounter{@auth}\relax
\ifnum\value{@auth}=\value{auco}%
\lastand \else \unskip,
\fi}%
\@starttoc{toc}\if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi}

\def\l@part#1#2{\addpenalty{\@secpenalty}%
\addvspace{2em plus\p@}% % space above part line
\begingroup
\parindent \z@
\rightskip \z@ plus 5em \hrule\vskip5pt
\bfseries\boldmath % set line in boldface
\leavevmode % TeX command to enter horizontal mode.
#1\par \vskip5pt \hrule \vskip1pt
\nobreak % Never break after part entry
\endgroup}

\def\@dotsep{2}

\def\hyperhrefextend{\ifx\hyper@anchor\@undefined\else
{chapter.\thechapter}\fi}

\def\addnumcontentsmark#1#2#3{%
\addtocontents{#1}{\protect\contentsline{#2}{\protect\numberline
{\thechapter}#3}{\thepage}\hyperhrefextend}}
\def\addcontentsmark#1#2#3{%
\addtocontents{#1}{\protect\contentsline{#2}{#3}{\thepage}\hyperhrefextend}}
\def\addcontentsmarkwop#1#2#3{%
\addtocontents{#1}{\protect\contentsline{#2}{#3}{0}\hyperhrefextend}}

\def\@adcmk[#1]{\ifcase #1 \or
\def\@gtempa{\addnumcontentsmark}%
\or \def\@gtempa{\addcontentsmark}%
\or \def\@gtempa{\addcontentsmarkwop}%
\fi\@gtempa{toc}{chapter}}
\def\addtocmark{\@ifnextchar[{\@adcmk}{\@adcmk[3]}}

\def\l@chapter#1#2{\addpenalty{-\@highpenalty}
\vskip 1.0em plus 1pt \@tempdima 1.5em \begingroup
\parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
\parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
\leavevmode \advance\leftskip\@tempdima \hskip -\leftskip
{\large\bfseries\boldmath#1}\ifx0#2\hfil\null \else \nobreak
\leaders\hbox{$\m@th \mkern \@dotsep mu.\mkern \@dotsep mu$}\hfill
\nobreak\hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}%
\fi\par \penalty\@highpenalty \endgroup}

\def\l@title#1#2{\addpenalty{-\@highpenalty}
\addvspace{8pt plus 1pt} \@tempdima \z@
\begingroup
\parindent \z@ \rightskip \@tocrmarg
\parfillskip -\@tocrmarg
\leavevmode \advance\leftskip\@tempdima \hskip -\leftskip
#1\nobreak \leaders\hbox{$\m@th \mkern \@dotsep mu.\mkern \@dotsep
mu$}\hfill \nobreak\hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
\penalty\@highpenalty \endgroup}

\setcounter{tocdepth}{0}
\newdimen\tocchpnum
\newdimen\tocsecnum
\newdimen\tocsectotal
\newdimen\tocsubsecnum
\newdimen\tocsubsectotal
\newdimen\tocsubsubsecnum
\newdimen\tocsubsubsectotal
\newdimen\tocparanum
\newdimen\tocparatotal
\newdimen\tocsubparanum
\tocchpnum=\z@ % no chapter numbers
\tocsecnum=15\p@ % section 88. plus 2.222pt
\tocsubsecnum=23\p@ % subsection 88.8 plus 2.222pt
\tocsubsubsecnum=27\p@ % subsubsection 88.8.8 plus 1.444pt
\tocparanum=35\p@ % paragraph 88.8.8.8 plus 1.666pt
\tocsubparanum=43\p@ % subparagraph 88.8.8.8.8 plus 1.888pt
\def\calctocindent{%
\tocsectotal=\tocchpnum \advance\tocsectotal by\tocsecnum
\tocsubsectotal=\tocsectotal \advance\tocsubsectotal
by\tocsubsecnum \tocsubsubsectotal=\tocsubsectotal
\advance\tocsubsubsectotal by\tocsubsubsecnum
\tocparatotal=\tocsubsubsectotal \advance\tocparatotal
by\tocparanum} \calctocindent

\def\l@section{\@dottedtocline{1}{\tocchpnum}{\tocsecnum}}
\def\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{\tocsectotal}{\tocsubsecnum}}
\def\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{\tocsubsectotal}{\tocsubsubsecnum}}
\def\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{\tocsubsubsectotal}{\tocparanum}}
\def\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{\tocparatotal}{\tocsubparanum}}

\def\listoffigures{\@restonecolfalse\if@twocolumn\@restonecoltrue\onecolumn
\fi\section*{\listfigurename\@mkboth{{\listfigurename}}{{\listfigurename}}}
\@starttoc{lof}\if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi}
\def\l@figure{\@dottedtocline{1}{0em}{1.5em}}

\def\listoftables{\@restonecolfalse\if@twocolumn\@restonecoltrue\onecolumn
\fi\section*{\listtablename\@mkboth{{\listtablename}}{{\listtablename}}}
\@starttoc{lot}\if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi}
\let\l@table\l@figure

\renewcommand\listoffigures{%
\section*{\listfigurename
\@mkboth{\listfigurename}{\listfigurename}}%
\@starttoc{lof}%
}

\renewcommand\listoftables{%
\section*{\listtablename
\@mkboth{\listtablename}{\listtablename}}%
\@starttoc{lot}%
}

\ifx\oribibl\undefined \ifx\citeauthoryear\undefined
\renewenvironment{thebibliography}[1]
{\section*{\refname}
\def\@biblabel##1{##1.}
\small
\list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
{\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
\leftmargin\labelwidth \advance\leftmargin\labelsep \if@openbib
\advance\leftmargin\bibindent
\itemindent -\bibindent
\listparindent \itemindent
\parsep \z@
\fi
\usecounter{enumiv}%
\let\p@enumiv\@empty
\renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
\if@openbib
\renewcommand\newblock{\par}%
\else
\renewcommand\newblock{\hskip .11em \@plus.33em \@minus.07em}%
\fi
\sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000%
\sfcode`\.=\@m} {\def\@noitemerr
{\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
\endlist}
\def\@lbibitem[#1]#2{\item[{[#1]}\hfill]\if@filesw
{\let\protect\noexpand\immediate
\write\@auxout{\string\bibcite{#2}{#1}}}\fi\ignorespaces}
\newcount\@tempcntc
\def\@citex[#1]#2{\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#2}}\fi
\@tempcnta\z@\@tempcntb\m@ne\def\@citea{}\@cite{\@for\@citeb:=#2\do
{\@ifundefined
{b@\@citeb}{\@citeo\@tempcntb\m@ne\@citea\def\@citea{,}{\bfseries
?}\@warning
{Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
{\setbox\z@\hbox{\global\@tempcntc0\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname\relax}%
\ifnum\@tempcntc=\z@ \@citeo\@tempcntb\m@ne
\@citea\def\@citea{,}\hbox{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}%
\else \advance\@tempcntb\@ne \ifnum\@tempcntb=\@tempcntc
\else\advance\@tempcntb\m@ne\@citeo
\@tempcnta\@tempcntc\@tempcntb\@tempcntc\fi\fi}}\@citeo}{#1}}
\def\@citeo{\ifnum\@tempcnta>\@tempcntb\else
\@citea\def\@citea{,\,\hskip\z@skip}%
\ifnum\@tempcnta=\@tempcntb\the\@tempcnta\else
{\advance\@tempcnta\@ne\ifnum\@tempcnta=\@tempcntb \else
\def\@citea{--}\fi
\advance\@tempcnta\m@ne\the\@tempcnta\@citea\the\@tempcntb}\fi\fi}
\else
\renewenvironment{thebibliography}[1]
{\section*{\refname} \small
\list{}%
{\settowidth\labelwidth{}%
\leftmargin\parindent
\itemindent=-\parindent
\labelsep=\z@ \if@openbib \advance\leftmargin\bibindent
\itemindent -\bibindent
\listparindent \itemindent
\parsep \z@
\fi
\usecounter{enumiv}%
\let\p@enumiv\@empty
\renewcommand\theenumiv{}}%
\if@openbib
\renewcommand\newblock{\par}%
\else
\renewcommand\newblock{\hskip .11em \@plus.33em \@minus.07em}%
\fi
\sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000%
\sfcode`\.=\@m} {\def\@noitemerr
{\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
\endlist}
\def\@cite#1{#1}%
\def\@lbibitem[#1]#2{\item[]\if@filesw
{\def\protect##1{\string ##1\space}\immediate
\write\@auxout{\string\bibcite{#2}{#1}}}\fi\ignorespaces} \fi
\else \@cons\@openbib@code{\noexpand\small} \fi

\def\idxquad{\hskip 10\p@}% space that divides entry from number

\def\@idxitem{\par\hangindent 10\p@}

\def\subitem{\par\setbox0=\hbox{--\enspace}% second order
\noindent\hangindent\wd0\box0}% index entry

\def\subsubitem{\par\setbox0=\hbox{--\,--\enspace}% third
\noindent\hangindent\wd0\box0}% order index entry

\def\indexspace{\par \vskip 10\p@ plus5\p@ minus3\p@\relax}

\renewenvironment{theindex}
{\@mkboth{\indexname}{\indexname}%
\thispagestyle{empty}\parindent\z@
\parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
\let\item\par
\def\,{\relax\ifmmode\mskip\thinmuskip
\else\hskip0.2em\ignorespaces\fi}%
\normalfont\small
\begin{multicols}{2}[\@makeschapterhead{\indexname}]%
} {\end{multicols}}

\renewcommand\footnoterule{%
\kern-3\p@ \hrule\@width 2truecm \kern2.6\p@}
\long\def\@makefntext#1{%
\parindent 1em%
\leftskip 1em%
\noindent \llap{\hb@xt@1em{\hss\@makefnmark\ }}\ignorespaces#1}

\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
\vskip\abovecaptionskip
\sbox\@tempboxa{{\bfseries #1.} #2}%
\ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize {\bfseries #1.} #2\par \else \global
\@minipagefalse
\hb@xt@\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}%
\fi \vskip\belowcaptionskip}

\def\fps@figure{htbp}
\def\fnum@figure{\figurename\thefigure}
\def \@floatboxreset {%
\reset@font \small \@setnobreak \@setminipage }
\def\fps@table{htbp}
\def\fnum@table{\tablename\thetable}
\renewenvironment{table}
{\setlength\abovecaptionskip{0\p@}%
\setlength\belowcaptionskip{10\p@}%
\@float{table}} {\end@float}
\renewenvironment{table*}
{\setlength\abovecaptionskip{0\p@}%
\setlength\belowcaptionskip{10\p@}%
\@dblfloat{table}} {\end@dblfloat}

\long\def\@caption#1[#2]#3{\par\addcontentsline{\csname
ext@#1\endcsname}{#1}{\protect\numberline{\csname
the#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #2}}\begingroup \@parboxrestore
\@makecaption{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}\par
\endgroup}

% LaTeX does not provide a command to enter the authors institute
% addresses. The \institute command is defined here.

\newcounter{@inst}
\newcounter{@auth}
\newcounter{auco}
\def\andname{and}
\def\lastandname{\unskip, and}
\newdimen\instindent
\newbox\authrun
\newtoks\authorrunning
\newtoks\tocauthor
\newbox\titrun
\newtoks\titlerunning
\newtoks\toctitle

\def\clearheadinfo{\gdef\@author{No Author Given}%
\gdef\@title{No Title Given}%
\gdef\@subtitle{}%
\gdef\@institute{No Institute Given}%
\gdef\@thanks{}%
\global\titlerunning={}\global\authorrunning={}%
\global\toctitle={}\global\tocauthor={}}

\def\institute#1{\gdef\@institute{#1}}

\def\institutename{\par
\begingroup
\parskip=\z@
\parindent=\z@
\setcounter{@inst}{1}%
\def\and{\par\stepcounter{@inst}%
\noindent$^{\the@inst}$\enspace\ignorespaces}%
\setbox0=\vbox{\def\thanks##1{}\@institute}%
\ifnum\c@@inst=1\relax \else
\setcounter{footnote}{\c@@inst}%
\setcounter{@inst}{1}%
\noindent$^{\the@inst}$\enspace \fi \ignorespaces \@institute\par
\endgroup}

\def\@fnsymbol#1{\ensuremath{\ifcase#1\or\star\or{\star\star}\or
{\star\star\star}\or \dagger\or \ddagger\or \mathchar "278\or
\mathchar "27B\or \|\or **\or \dagger\dagger \or \ddagger\ddagger
\else\@ctrerr\fi}}

\def\inst#1{\unskip$^{#1}$}
\def\fnmsep{\unskip$^,$}
\def\email#1{{\tt#1}}
\def\homedir{\~{ }}

\def\subtitle#1{\gdef\@subtitle{#1}}
\clearheadinfo

\renewcommand\maketitle{\newpage
\refstepcounter{chapter}%
\stepcounter{section}%
\setcounter{section}{0}%
\setcounter{subsection}{0}%
\setcounter{figure}{0} \setcounter{table}{0}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
\setcounter{footnote}{0}%
\begingroup
\parindent=\z@
\renewcommand\thefootnote{\@fnsymbol\c@footnote}%
\if@twocolumn \ifnum \col@number=\@ne \@maketitle \else
\twocolumn[\@maketitle]%
\fi \else
\newpage
\global\@topnum\z@ % Prevents figures from going at top of page.
\@maketitle \fi \thispagestyle{empty}\@thanks
%
\def\\{\unskip\ \ignorespaces}\def\inst##1{\unskip{}}%
\def\thanks##1{\unskip{}}\def\fnmsep{\unskip}%
\instindent=\hsize \advance\instindent by-\headlineindent
\if!\the\toctitle!\addcontentsline{toc}{title}{\@title}\else
\addcontentsline{toc}{title}{\the\toctitle}\fi \if@runhead
\if!\the\titlerunning!\else
\edef\@title{\the\titlerunning}%
\fi
\global\setbox\titrun=\hbox{\small\rm\unboldmath\ignorespaces\@title}%
\ifdim\wd\titrun>\instindent
\typeout{Title too long for running head. Please supply}%
\typeout{a shorter form with \string\titlerunning\space prior to
\string\maketitle}%
\global\setbox\titrun=\hbox{\small\rm
Title Suppressed Due to Excessive Length}%
\fi
\xdef\@title{\copy\titrun}%
\fi
%
\if!\the\tocauthor!\relax
{\def\and{\noexpand\protect\noexpand\and}%
\protected@xdef\toc@uthor{\@author}}%
\else
\def\\{\noexpand\protect\noexpand\newline}%
\protected@xdef\scratch{\the\tocauthor}%
\protected@xdef\toc@uthor{\scratch}%
\fi
\addtocontents{toc}{{\protect\raggedright\protect\leftskip15\p@
\protect\rightskip\@tocrmarg
\protect\itshape\toc@uthor\protect\endgraf}}%
\if@runhead \if!\the\authorrunning!
\value{@inst}=\value{@auth}%
\setcounter{@auth}{1}%
\else
\edef\@author{\the\authorrunning}%
\fi
\global\setbox\authrun=\hbox{\small\unboldmath\@author\unskip}%
\ifdim\wd\authrun>\instindent
\typeout{Names of authors too long for running head. Please supply}%
\typeout{a shorter form with \string\authorrunning\space prior to
\string\maketitle}%
\global\setbox\authrun=\hbox{\small\rm
Authors Suppressed Due to Excessive Length}%
\fi
\xdef\@author{\copy\authrun}%
\markboth{\@author}{\@title}%
\fi
\endgroup
\setcounter{footnote}{0}%
\clearheadinfo}
%
\def\@maketitle{\newpage
\markboth{}{}%
\def\lastand{\ifnum\value{@inst}=2\relax
\unskip{} \andname\ \else \unskip \lastandname\
\fi}%
\def\and{\stepcounter{@auth}\relax
\ifnum\value{@auth}=\value{@inst}%
\lastand \else \unskip,
\fi}%
\begin{center}%
{\Large \bfseries\boldmath \pretolerance=10000 \@title \par}\vskip
.8cm \if!\@subtitle!\else {\large \bfseries\boldmath \vskip -.65cm
\pretolerance=10000 \@subtitle \par}\vskip .8cm\fi
\setbox0=\vbox{\setcounter{@auth}{1}\def\and{\stepcounter{@auth}}%
\def\thanks##1{}\@author}%
\global\value{@inst}=\value{@auth}%
\global\value{auco}=\value{@auth}%
\setcounter{@auth}{1}%
{\lineskip .5em \noindent\ignorespaces \@author\vskip.35cm}
{\small\institutename}
\end{center}%
}

% definition of the "\spnewtheorem" command.
%
% Usage:
%
% \spnewtheorem{env_nam}{caption}[within]{cap_font}{body_font}
% or \spnewtheorem{env_nam}[numbered_like]{caption}{cap_font}{body_font}
% or \spnewtheorem*{env_nam}{caption}{cap_font}{body_font}
%
% New is "cap_font" and "body_font". It stands for
% fontdefinition of the caption and the text itself.
%
% "\spnewtheorem*" gives a theorem without number.
%
% A defined spnewthoerem environment is used as described
% by Lamport.
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\@thmcountersep{}
\def\@thmcounterend{.}

\def\spnewtheorem{\@ifstar{\@sthm}{\@Sthm}}

% definition of \spnewtheorem with number

\def\@spnthm#1#2{%
\@ifnextchar[{\@spxnthm{#1}{#2}}{\@spynthm{#1}{#2}}}
\def\@Sthm#1{\@ifnextchar[{\@spothm{#1}}{\@spnthm{#1}}}

\def\@spxnthm#1#2[#3]#4#5{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
{\@definecounter{#1}\@addtoreset{#1}{#3}%
\expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\expandafter\noexpand
\csname the#3\endcsname \noexpand\@thmcountersep \@thmcounter{#1}}%
\expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#2}%
\global\@namedef{#1}{\@spthm{#1}{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#4}{#5}}%
\global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}

\def\@spynthm#1#2#3#4{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
{\@definecounter{#1}%
\expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\@thmcounter{#1}}%
\expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#2}%
\global\@namedef{#1}{\@spthm{#1}{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#3}{#4}}%
\global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}

\def\@spothm#1[#2]#3#4#5{%
\@ifundefined{c@#2}{\@latexerr{No theorem environment `#2' defined}\@eha}%
{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
{\global\@namedef{the#1}{\@nameuse{the#2}}%
\expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#3}%
\global\@namedef{#1}{\@spthm{#2}{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#4}{#5}}%
\global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}}

\def\@spthm#1#2#3#4{\topsep 7\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
\refstepcounter{#1}%
\@ifnextchar[{\@spythm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}{\@spxthm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}}

\def\@spxthm#1#2#3#4{\@spbegintheorem{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}{#3}{#4}%
\ignorespaces}

\def\@spythm#1#2#3#4[#5]{\@spopargbegintheorem{#2}{\csname
the#1\endcsname}{#5}{#3}{#4}\ignorespaces}

\def\@spbegintheorem#1#2#3#4{\trivlist
\item[\hskip\labelsep{#3#1\ #2\@thmcounterend}]#4}

\def\@spopargbegintheorem#1#2#3#4#5{\trivlist
\item[\hskip\labelsep{#4#1\ #2}]{#4(#3)\@thmcounterend\ }#5}

% definition of \spnewtheorem* without number

\def\@sthm#1#2{\@Ynthm{#1}{#2}}

\def\@Ynthm#1#2#3#4{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
{\global\@namedef{#1}{\@Thm{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#3}{#4}}%
\expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#2}%
\global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}

\def\@Thm#1#2#3{\topsep 7\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
\@ifnextchar[{\@Ythm{#1}{#2}{#3}}{\@Xthm{#1}{#2}{#3}}}

\def\@Xthm#1#2#3{\@Begintheorem{#1}{#2}{#3}\ignorespaces}

\def\@Ythm#1#2#3[#4]{\@Opargbegintheorem{#1}
{#4}{#2}{#3}\ignorespaces}

\def\@Begintheorem#1#2#3{#3\trivlist
\item[\hskip\labelsep{#2#1\@thmcounterend}]}

\def\@Opargbegintheorem#1#2#3#4{#4\trivlist
\item[\hskip\labelsep{#3#1}]{#3(#2)\@thmcounterend\ }}

\if@envcntsect
\def\@thmcountersep{.}
\spnewtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[section]{\bfseries}{\itshape}
\else \spnewtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}{\bfseries}{\itshape}
\if@envcntreset \@addtoreset{theorem}{section} \else
\@addtoreset{theorem}{chapter} \fi \fi

%definition of divers theorem environments
\spnewtheorem*{claim}{Claim}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
\spnewtheorem*{proof}{Proof}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
\if@envcntsame % alle Umgebungen wie Theorem.
\def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spothm{#1}[theorem]{#2}{#3}{#4}}
\else % alle Umgebungen mit eigenem Zaehler
\if@envcntsect % mit section numeriert
\def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spxnthm{#1}{#2}[section]{#3}{#4}}
\else % nicht mit section numeriert
\if@envcntreset
\def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spynthm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}
\@addtoreset{#1}{section}} \else
\def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spynthm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}
\@addtoreset{#1}{chapter}} \fi \fi \fi
\spn@wtheorem{case}{Case}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
\spn@wtheorem{conjecture}{Conjecture}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
\spn@wtheorem{corollary}{Corollary}{\bfseries}{\itshape}
\spn@wtheorem{definition}{Definition}{\bfseries}{\itshape}
\spn@wtheorem{example}{Example}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
\spn@wtheorem{exercise}{Exercise}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
\spn@wtheorem{lemma}{Lemma}{\bfseries}{\itshape}
\spn@wtheorem{note}{Note}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
\spn@wtheorem{problem}{Problem}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
\spn@wtheorem{property}{Property}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
\spn@wtheorem{proposition}{Proposition}{\bfseries}{\itshape}
\spn@wtheorem{question}{Question}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
\spn@wtheorem{solution}{Solution}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
\spn@wtheorem{remark}{Remark}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}

\def\@takefromreset#1#2{%
\def\@tempa{#1}%
\let\@tempd\@elt
\def\@elt##1{%
\def\@tempb{##1}%
\ifx\@tempa\@tempb\else
\@addtoreset{##1}{#2}%
\fi}%
\expandafter\expandafter\let\expandafter\@tempc\csname
cl@#2\endcsname
\expandafter\def\csname cl@#2\endcsname{}%
\@tempc
\let\@elt\@tempd}

\def\theopargself{\def\@spopargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4##5{\trivlist
\item[\hskip\labelsep{##4##1\ ##2}]{##4##3\@thmcounterend\ }##5}
\def\@Opargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4{##4\trivlist
\item[\hskip\labelsep{##3##1}]{##3##2\@thmcounterend\ }}
}

\renewenvironment{abstract}{%
\list{}{\advance\topsep by0.35cm\relax\small \leftmargin=1cm
\labelwidth=\z@ \listparindent=\z@
\itemindent\listparindent
\rightmargin\leftmargin}\item[\hskip\labelsep
\bfseries\abstractname]} {\endlist}
\renewcommand{\abstractname}{Abstract.}
\renewcommand{\contentsname}{Table of Contents}
\renewcommand{\figurename}{Fig.\thinspace}
\renewcommand{\tablename}{Table~}

\newdimen\headlineindent % dimension for space between
\headlineindent=1.166cm % number and text of headings.

\def\ps@headings{\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
\let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty
\def\@evenhead{\normalfont\small\rlap{\thepage}\hspace{\headlineindent}%
\leftmark\hfil}
\def\@oddhead{\normalfont\small\hfil\rightmark\hspace{\headlineindent}%
\llap{\thepage}}
\def\chaptermark##1{}%
\def\sectionmark##1{}%
\def\subsectionmark##1{}}

\def\ps@titlepage{\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
\let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty
\def\@evenhead{\normalfont\small\rlap{\thepage}\hspace{\headlineindent}%
\hfil}
\def\@oddhead{\normalfont\small\hfil\hspace{\headlineindent}%
\llap{\thepage}}
\def\chaptermark##1{}%
\def\sectionmark##1{}%
\def\subsectionmark##1{}}

\if@runhead\ps@headings\else \ps@empty\fi

\setlength\arraycolsep{1.4\p@} \setlength\tabcolsep{1.4\p@}

\endinput
